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Featured Categories : Study Books : Undergraduate & Postgraduate : Sciences : Biology : Human Biology : Human Genetics
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Science writer Matt Ridley's Genome: The Autobiography of a Species in 23 Chapters is an elegant reflection on the significance of being able, for the first time in history, to read our own genes. The book is loosely organised around the stories of one gene per chromosome, rather than the whole genome. This enables Ridley to take in most of the usual topics associated with genes--our relations with other species, the nature of intelligence, the origins of behaviour--and add some new ones. Ridley is a fine writer and explains his selection of genetic stories exceptionally well. This is especially helpful when he is dealing with the intricacies of evolutionary theory or the tangled webs of genes influencing biochemistry influencing behaviour, influencing biochemistry influencing genes. His libertarian-right politics (state intervention bad, individual choice good) cut through many traditional worries about screening, testing and eugenics. The generally even tone only deserts him in a rather bad- tempered discussion of BSE (which starts with the gene for the protein implicated in the disease) and public attitudes to beef-eating. Otherwise, he is almost always persuasive, always interesting. By the time they finish cataloguing all our DNA, there look like being as many books on the subject as there are human genes. This is one of the ones worth having. --John Turney
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Cancer is one of the major afflictions of society today, especially in the developed world. The disease develops as a chromosomal gene disorder in single cells. Worldwide, over eight million new cancer diagnoses are delivered each year and every day 1500 Americans die of the disease. Mel Greaves shows in The Deepest Legacy that the disease has been around for a long time, even dinosaurs got it 200 million years ago. Cancer does not select its victims on a basis of wealth, race, religion or intelligence. No one is immune to it but which cancer you are likely to get depends on many factors--where you live, what you eat and smoke and the genes you have inherited from your parents.Greaves is a British professor of cell biology at the Institute of Cancer Research in London, knows what he is writing about and manages to deal with this very complex and pervasive problem in an understandable way for the general reader. He uses a wealth of stories and anecdotes to illustrate the history of discovery and understanding of this group of diseases, their curious geographical distribution and evolution. Most importantly, Greaves manages to clearly differentiate between what is understood and what is still speculation.
This is not dumbed down science, be prepared to concentrate if you are to get the full value of what he is explaining. Cancer is more complex than the 5000 other human genetic diseases that arise as inherited, single gene traits. Unfortunately, the painful reality is that there is no holy grail, no magic cure-all bullet and no quick fix. But as Greaves says, demystifying the disease is to travel over a new and more realistic landscape. If you know anyone who still smokes, give them a copy. Notes, further reading and addresses for help and advice about cancer make this more than just a fascinating read. --Douglas Palmer
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Nature Via Nurture follows on from Matt Ridley's bestselling Genome. He takes on a centuries-old question: is it nature or nurture that makes us who we are? Ridley asserts that the question itself is a "false dichotomy". Using copious examples of human and animal behaviour, he presents the notion that our environment affects the way our genes express themselves.Ridley writes that the switches controlling our 30,000 or so genes not only form the structures of our brains but do so in such a way as to cue off the outside environment in a tidy feedback loop of body and behaviour. In fact, it seems clear that we have genetic "thermostats" that are turned up and down by environmental factors. He challenges both scientific and folk concepts, from assumptions of what's malleable in a person to sociobiological theories based solely on the "selfish gene".
Ridley's proof is in the pudding for such touchy subjects as monogamy, aggression, and parenting, which we now understand have some genetic controls. Nevertheless, "the more we understand both our genes and our instincts, the less inevitable they seem". A consummate populariser of science, Ridley once again provides a perfect mix of history, genetics, and sociology for readers hungry to understand the implications of the human genome sequence. --Therese Littleton, Amazon.com
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